Nurses' preparedness to respond to COVID-19 and associated factors after the outbreak in China.

AIM: Nurses are key staff in the response to the COVID-19 epidemic. The aim of present study was to assess Chinese clinical nurses' preparedness levels for COVID-19 after the outbreak, as well as the associated demographic factors. DESIGN: The design was a cross-sectional survey. METHODS: We distributed an online questionnaire to nurses from five eastern coastal area hospitals. The questionnaire collected demographic information, and included the nurses' preparedness to respond to COVID-19 questionnaire (NPR COVID-19). RESULTS: The total mean NPR COVID-19 score was 200.99 (standard deviation = 33.60), and the psychological approaches subscale had the lowest mean score. Education and training were positively associated with the NPR COVID-19 score. Nurses' characteristics, such as seniority, job category and educational level, were entered into the NPR COVID-19 regression model, and seniority (≤5 years) showed the strongest negative association with NPR COVID-19 scores (standard coefficient = -0.20). CONCLUSIONS: Chinese nurse's preparedness to respond to COVID-19 was adequate. Nurses with less than 5 years of work experience, nursing researchers and diploma-educated nurses reported feeling a low preparedness to respond to COVID-19. These nurses should receive specific training.

Anxiety and depression among pregnant women undergoing IVF-ET and WeChat group peer support during the COVID-19 pandemic: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: The psychological well-being of pregnant women following assisted reproductive has increasingly gained attention in recent years. Anxiety and depression may be associated to pregnancy outcomes. This study aims to determine whether peer support and the WeChat group platform will reduce anxiety and depression among in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) women. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: In the present randomized controlled study, 296 patients with confirmed clinical pregnancy following IVF-ET will be randomly assigned to receive standard intervention support or WeChat peer support on a 1:1 basis. The levels of anxiety and depression are the primary endpoints. Assessments will be performed at baseline measurements, first trimester, second trimester, and third trimester, and data will be collected. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study has been approved as ethical by the affiliated hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine's Reproductive Ethics Committee. Each patient will sign a written statement of informed permission. All information and biological samples will be legally protected. A peer-reviewed academic journal will publish the findings of this investigation. DISCUSSION: Given the inconvenience of visits due to the current pandemic of COVID-19, this study addresses the patient's visit needs by combining WeChat, the most widely used social software in China, with peer support, while helping improve maternal anxiety, depression, and pregnancy outcomes following IVF-ET.

The colonic interleukin-19 aggravates the dextran sodium sulfate/stress-induced comorbidities due to colitis and anxiety

Comorbidities due to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and anxiety are commonly acknowledged;however, their underlying basis is unclear. In the current study, we first conducted a clinical retrospective analysis to identify the enhancive incidence rate of IBD before or after the epidemic of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), with higher Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), as well as poorer Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI). Then, the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)-induced IBD and anxiety comorbid models were established with the correlational relations between symptoms of IBD and anxiety-related behaviors. We found dysfunctional up-regulation of a new inflammatory factor interleukin (IL)-19 in the colon of DSS/CUS treated mice. Overexpression of IL-19 in colon induced anxious phenotypes, and accelerated the anxious condition and symptoms of colitis in the DSS/CUS model by promoting the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-1β, and IL-6 pro-inflammatory factors, and activating signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway in the colon. Furthermore, overexpression of IL-19 in the colon also reduced the expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) signaling pathways activity in the hippocampus. These results suggest that IL-19 was a pivotal player in DSS/CUS-induced comorbidities of colitis and anxiety with different signaling pathways for the colon and hippocampus, which provides a candidate gene to explore the pathophysiology of comorbidities due to colitis and anxiety.

The colonic interleukin-19 aggravates the dextran sodium sulfate/stress-induced comorbidities due to colitis and anxiety.

Comorbidities due to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and anxiety are commonly acknowledged; however, their underlying basis is unclear. In the current study, we first conducted a clinical retrospective analysis to identify the enhancive incidence rate of IBD before or after the epidemic of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), with higher Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), as well as poorer Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI). Then, the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)-induced IBD and anxiety comorbid models were established with the correlational relations between symptoms of IBD and anxiety-related behaviors. We found dysfunctional up-regulation of a new inflammatory factor interleukin (IL)-19 in the colon of DSS/CUS treated mice. Overexpression of IL-19 in colon induced anxious phenotypes, and accelerated the anxious condition and symptoms of colitis in the DSS/CUS model by promoting the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-1ß, and IL-6 pro-inflammatory factors, and activating signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway in the colon. Furthermore, overexpression of IL-19 in the colon also reduced the expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) signaling pathways activity in the hippocampus. These results suggest that IL-19 was a pivotal player in DSS/CUS-induced comorbidities of colitis and anxiety with different signaling pathways for the colon and hippocampus, which provides a candidate gene to explore the pathophysiology of comorbidities due to colitis and anxiety.

Implementing a Nurse-Driven Protocol for Pneumococcal Vaccination in an Academic Rheumatology Clinic.

OBJECTIVE: Rheumatology patients are at high risk for complications from pneumococcal infections. The goal of this study was to assess the feasibility of implementing a nurse-driven pneumococcal vaccination protocol based on the 2012 Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) guidelines within an academic rheumatology clinic. Our aims were to increase (1) pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) monthly vaccination rates in immunosuppressed patients aged 19 to 64 years, and (2) the overall proportion of immunosuppressed patients aged 19 to 64 years who have received both PCV13 and PPSV23 vaccinations by ≥ 10% over a 2-year period. METHODS: We identified eligible adults in the electronic medical record using a search protocol based on preset medication group. We obtained baseline pneumococcal vaccination rates in 2019, calculating the proportion of patients who were unvaccinated, partially vaccinated (received either PCV13 or PPSV23), or fully vaccinated. We created a pneumococcal vaccination protocol based on 2012 ACIP guidelines and converted it into a standing medical order to be implemented by the nursing staff. Postintervention vaccination rates were calculated monthly and at the end of the study period. Multiple comparison testing was performed to assess for significant postintervention changes. RESULTS: The average rate of monthly vaccination with either PCV13 or PPSV23 increased from 4.3% in 2019 to 12.6% in 2021. The proportion of patients who were fully vaccinated increased from 14.6% in 2019 to 26.2% in 2021. Both changes were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: It is feasible to employ a nurse-driven protocol for improving pneumococcal vaccination rates in immunosuppressed patients, despite difficulties posed by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disruptions.

How and when can job-insecure employees prevent psychological distress against the COVID-19 pandemic? The role of cognitive appraisal and reappraisal.

The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected economies around the world, causing record unemployment rates that have exacerbated the already prevalent job insecurity, thereby leading to psychological distress among many individuals. The present study aims to reveal the underlying mechanisms of psychological distress induced by the COVID-19 pandemic among job-insecure employees and to identify one of the emotion regulation strategies (i.e., cognitive reappraisal) as a protective factor that mitigates psychological distress. Drawing upon transactional theory, we proposed and tested a moderated mediation model, wherein cognitive reappraisal serves as a moderator of the direct and indirect relationship between job insecurity and psychological distress via stress appraisals (i.e., threat appraisal and challenge appraisal) based on data from 922 employees. Results show that threat appraisal and challenge appraisal positively and negatively mediate the relationship between job insecurity and psychological distress, respectively. Furthermore, as an emotion regulation strategy, cognitive reappraisal mitigates psychological distress among job-insecure employees, weakens the positive indirect effect of threat appraisal, but intensifies the negative indirect effect of challenge appraisal. Our findings suggest that cognition plays an important role in individuals' emotional reactions to COVID-19-related stress, and cognition reappraisal is an effective emotion regulation strategy in mitigating psychological distress. Therefore, cognition reappraisal skills should be improved to reduce psychological distress induced by COVID-19 pandemic.

Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Prevalence Pattern of Allergens.

INTRODUCTION: The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on allergic diseases is not certain, as people's living habits and the environment have been affected by the pandemic. The present study described the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the allergen sensitization rate in patients with allergic diseases in central China. The results provide reliable epidemiological data for the prevention and control of allergic diseases during the COVID-19 epidemic. METHODS: Data were collected from a total of 6,915 patients with symptoms of allergic diseases who visited the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University in China for allergen testing from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2021. Patients were divided into a children group (<14 years old), youth group (15∼44 years old), middle-aged group (45∼59 years old), and elderly group (>60 years old). Immunoblotting was used to detect 20 serum allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) antibodies in patient serum samples. We compared the positive rates of various allergens in different age and sex groups before and during the COVID-19 epidemic, and the prevalence data of sIgE sensitization were analysed. RESULTS: Among the 6,915 patients with symptoms of allergic diseases, 2,838 (41.04%) patients were positive for at least one of the allergens. The top three positive rates of inhaled allergens were Dermatophagoides farinae (1,764 cases, 25.51%), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (1,616 cases, 23.37%), and house dust (645 cases, 9.33%). The top three positive rates of food allergens were eggs (686 cases, 9.92%), milk (509 cases, 7.36%), and crabs (192 cases, 2.78%). The total positive rate of allergens was higher in men (46.99%) than in women (37.30%). Compared to 2 years before the COVID-19 epidemic, the rate of sensitization to indoor inhalant allergens increased, but outdoor inhalant allergens showed no significant change. The positive rates of milk and eggs peaked during the outbreak of COVID-19 (2020) then declined in 2021. The total positive rate of allergens was higher in males than females before and during the COVID-19 epidemic, but more allergens were different between males and females during the pandemic. Compared to middle-aged and older adults, the children and youth groups were more susceptible to allergic diseases, and they exhibited an increasing positive rate for most common allergens, especially indoor inhalant allergens, during the COVID-19 epidemic than before the pandemic. CONCLUSION: D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae are the most common allergens in South China. Under the background of normalization of epidemic prevention, indoor inhaled allergens should be first in the prevention and control of allergic diseases, and a combination of various indoor cleaning measures should be used to improve the efficiency of interventions.

How and when can job-insecure employees prevent psychological distress against the COVID-19 pandemic? The role of cognitive appraisal and reappraisal

The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected economies around the world, causing record unemployment rates that have exacerbated the already prevalent job insecurity, thereby leading to psychological distress among many individuals. The present study aims to reveal the underlying mechanisms of psychological distress induced by the COVID-19 pandemic among job-insecure employees and to identify one of the emotion regulation strategies (i.e., cognitive reappraisal) as a protective factor that mitigates psychological distress. Drawing upon transactional theory, we proposed and tested a moderated mediation model, wherein cognitive reappraisal serves as a moderator of the direct and indirect relationship between job insecurity and psychological distress via stress appraisals (i.e., threat appraisal and challenge appraisal) based on data from 922 employees. Results show that threat appraisal and challenge appraisal positively and negatively mediate the relationship between job insecurity and psychological distress, respectively. Furthermore, as an emotion regulation strategy, cognitive reappraisal mitigates psychological distress among job-insecure employees, weakens the positive indirect effect of threat appraisal, but intensifies the negative indirect effect of challenge appraisal. Our findings suggest that cognition plays an important role in individuals' emotional reactions to COVID-19-related stress, and cognition reappraisal is an effective emotion regulation strategy in mitigating psychological distress. Therefore, cognition reappraisal skills should be improved to reduce psychological distress induced by COVID-19 pandemic.

Acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination in Chinese children aged 3-7 years with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the status of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination with inactivated vaccines BBIBP-CorV and CoronaVac in Chinese children aged 3-7 years with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and explore factors influencing vaccination and reasons for nonvaccination. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involving parents of 397 BPD children aged 3-7 years was conducted through WeChat or follow-up telephone interviews using a standardized questionnaire form. Factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination were explored by using modified Poisson regression models. RESULTS: The overall COVID-19 vaccination rate was 69.0% (95% confidence interval: 64.3%-73.4%). COVID-19 vaccination was less likely to be accepted in children whose mothers had a relatively high educational background (university and above), who lived in urban areas and had a low birth weight (<1 kg), a history of hospitalization for lung diseases in the past 12 months, and intellectual disability. Conversely, kindergarten students and children from families with an annual income of >300,000 CNY ( ≈ $\approx $ 41,400 USD) were more likely to accept vaccination. Adverse reactions occurred in 13/274 children (4.7%) within 10 days after vaccination. With respect to reasons of not accepting COVID-19 vaccination, 95 parents (77.2%) worried about the adverse reactions, and 17 parents (13.8%) refused vaccination on the excuse of not being convenient to go to the vaccination station or not knowing where to get the vaccines. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 vaccination rate in BPD children aged 3-7 years needs to be further improved in China. Continuous efforts are required to monitor postvaccination adverse reactions in BPD children, and make vaccination more convenient and accessible.

Robust Covalent Aptamer Strategy Enables Sensitive Detection and Enhanced Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Proteins.

Aptamer-based detection and therapy have made substantial progress with cost control and easy modification. However, the conformation lability of an aptamer typically causes the dissociation of aptamer-target complexes during harsh washes and other environmental stresses, resulting in only moderate detection sensitivity and a decreasing therapeutic effect. Herein, we report a robust covalent aptamer strategy to sensitively detect nucleocapsid protein and potently neutralize spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD), two of the most important proteins of SARS-CoV-2, after testing different cross-link electrophilic groups via integrating the specificity and efficiency. Covalent aptamers can specifically convert aptamer-protein complexes from the dynamic equilibrium state to stable and irreversible covalent complexes even in harsh environments. Covalent aptamer-based ELISA detection of nucleocapsid protein can surpass the gold standard, antibody-based sandwich ELISA. Further, covalent aptamer performs enhanced functional inhibition to RBD protein even in a blood vessel-mimicking flowing circulation system. The robust covalent aptamer-based strategy is expected to inspire more applications in accurate molecular modification, disease biomarker discovery, and other theranostic fields.

Anxiety and depression among pregnant women undergoing IVF-ET and WeChat group peer support during the COVID-19 pandemic: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Introduction: The psychological well-being of pregnant women following assisted reproductive has increasingly gained attention in recent years. Anxiety and depression may be associated to pregnancy outcomes. This study aims to determine whether peer support and the WeChat group platform will reduce anxiety and depression among in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) women. Methods and Analysis: In the present randomized controlled study, 296 patients with confirmed clinical pregnancy following IVF-ET will be randomly assigned to receive standard intervention support or WeChat peer support on a 1:1 basis. The levels of anxiety and depression are the primary endpoints. Assessments will be performed at baseline measurements, first trimester, second trimester, and third trimester, and data will be collected. Ethics and Dissemination: This study has been approved as ethical by the affiliated hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine's Reproductive Ethics Committee. Each patient will sign a written statement of informed permission. All information and biological samples will be legally protected. A peer-reviewed academic journal will publish the findings of this investigation. Discussion: Given the inconvenience of visits due to the current pandemic of COVID-19, this study addresses the patient's visit needs by combining WeChat, the most widely used social software in China, with peer support, while helping improve maternal anxiety, depression, and pregnancy outcomes following IVF-ET.

2022 The 1st Western China symposium on the international frontier of synthetic biomanufacturing

The 1st western China symposium on the international frontier of synthetic biomanufacturing was successfully held on July 8–10 in 2022. The conference is firstly launched by Professor Dan Wang in Chongqing University, and will be organized regularly every year by different universities in western China. The aim of this symposium is to show the cutting-edge knowledge of the synthetic biology developed in China and worldwide, provide a chance to meet international colleagues, and also to promote the academic and economic development of western China. Due to COVID-19, the 2022 symposium was masterfully delivered on the combination of online and offline operation, and the organisers must be commended for a really excellent and interactive meeting. The content of the conference involves two modules of synthetic biology and green biomanufacturing, covering eight aspects: synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, biological process engineering, industrial microbial breeding, biocatalysis and biotransformation, synthetic bio-materials, bio-medicine and biological separation engineering. More than 400 representatives were invited to gather together to exchange the latest research results and development trends in the field of synthetic biology and biomanufacturing. There was a significant focus on the younger scientists, both in terms of oral reports and posters. There were many excellent invited lectures and sessions beyond the remit of this short summary, including “Pharmaceutical manufacturing by biological methods” by Yuguo Zheng, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) Member of China, and a lecture “The third generation of biological manufacturing: preparing chemicals with CO2 as raw material” by Tianwei Tan, Academician of the CAE Member of China, a lecture on the biotransformation and green separation of natural products by Prof. Huizhou Liu, a lecture of the synthetic biology of Halophilic bacteria by Prof. Guoqiang Chen, a lecture of design principles to engineer yeasts as microbial factories by Ass. Prof. Zengyi Shao in Iowa State University, and a outstanding overview of the development of synthetic biology from basic research to industrialization in China to list just six. In this article we will cover some pertinent areas of synthetic biology and biomanufacturing amidst the unavoidable spectra of COVID-19.

Research Status, Hotspots, and Evolutionary Trends of Global Digital Education via Knowledge Graph Analysis

With the rapid development of emerging technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, and blockchain and their wide application in education, digital education has received widespread attention in the international education field. The outbreak of COVID-19 in December 2019 further catalyzed the digitalization process in various industries, including education, and forced the education system to carry out digital reform and innovation. Digital education transformation has become a new hotspot of great interest in countries around the world and a major direction for education reform practices. Therefore, to better understand the status of global digital education research, this study uses CiteSpace (6.1.R2) visual analysis software to visualize and quantitatively analyze the literature on digital education research in the social science citation index (SSCI). First, the basic information of digital education was analyzed in terms of annual publication volume, authors, countries, and research institutions. Secondly, the main fields, basic contents, and research hotspots of digital education research were analyzed by keyword co-occurrence analysis mapping and keyword time zone mapping. Finally, the research frontiers and development trends of digital education between 2000 and 6 September 2022 were analyzed by cocitation clustering and citations. The results show that, based on the changes in annual publication volume, we can divide the development pulse of the digital education research field into three stages: the budding stage (2000-2006), the slow development stage (2007-2017), and the rapid development stage (6 September 2018-2022);there are 26 core authors in this field of research, among which Selwyn N has the highest number of publications;the USA, England, Spain, Australia, and Germany have the highest number of publications;Open Univ is the institution with the most publications;digital education's research hotspots are mainly focused on interdisciplinary field practice research and adaptive education research based on big data support. The research frontiers are mainly related to five areas: interdisciplinary development, educational equity, digital education practice, digital education evaluation, and digital education governance. This paper systematically analyzes the latest developments in global digital education research, and objectively predicts that human-computer interdisciplinary teaching models and smart education may become a future development trend of digital education. The findings of this study are useful to readers for understanding the full picture of digital education research so that researchers can conduct more in-depth and targeted research to promote better development of digital education.

Prosocial modelling matters: the association between parent and faculty involvement in fighting COVID-19 with medical students' career commitment.

BACKGROUND: Role models are essential in medical education, yet empirical research is relatively insufficient on the influence of prosocial modelling on medical students' career commitment. The prosocial behaviour of medical staff involved in the fight against the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at the beginning of 2020 presents an opportunity to fill the research gap. We explored and compared the different associations of the two most important role models for medical students - parents and faculty- with medical students' career commitment. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted with 99,559 undergraduate students majoring in clinical medicine in mainland China. Questions were asked to collect information about participants in the battle against COVID-19, medical students' determination to practice medicine after graduation, as well as students' socio-demographic characteristics. Chi-square tests and hierarchical regressions were performed to examine the associations between parent and faculty involvement and students' career commitment. RESULTS: The results showed statistically significant associations between prosocial modelling during the COVID-19 pandemic in China and students' intention to pursue medical careers. The association of faculty involvement (OR = 1.165, p < .001) with students' career commitment was greater than that of parents (OR = 0.970, p > .05). For faculty involvement, the association was stronger among male students (OR = 1.323, p < .001) and students who were already determined to be doctors (OR = 1.219, p < .001) before the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides new evidence on the potential roles of parents and faculty in shaping medical students' career commitment. Encouraging faculty to act as positive role models could help medical students increase their intention to become doctors.KEY MESSAGESProsocial modelling could enhance students' intention to pursue medical careers.The association of prosocial behaviour of faculty is larger than that of parents on medical students.Those who have prior medical career commitment are much more likely to persist in the medical profession, and prosocial modelling of faculty is positively associated with their medical career commitment.

Evaluation of two different domestic colloidal gold assay kit fornew coronavirus antibody in low endemic areas

This study aimed to evaluate the application and diagnostic efficacy of two different colloidal gold kits for the detection of 2019-nCoV immunoglobulin M antibody (anti-IgM) and immunoglobulin G antibody (anti-IgG) in Beijing, a low endemic area, and to guide the rational clinical application. The sera of 29 patients with confirmed novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) and 19 411 patients from the non-infected screening population were selected to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and false-positive rate of the 2019-nCoV antibody test kits from Zhuhai Lizhu and Tangshan Innotek using colloidal gold immunochromatography. The sensitivity of Inotec 2019-nCoV was slightly higher than that of Lizhu 2019-nCoV, with a sensitivity of 58.62% and 55.17%, respectively;the specimen collection time of the all-negative group was significantly less than that of the antibody-positive group (P < 0.05);the false-positive rate of the two reagents in the low-prevalence area was 0.16%, and the false-positive rate of 2019-nCoV IgG was higher in Inotec than in Lizhu. The false positive rate for 2019-nCoV IgM was significantly higher than that for IgG for the same brand (Inotec ?2=14.756 09, P=0.000 0;Lizhu ?2=27.492 62, P=0.000). Conclusion The 2019-nCoV antibody test is rapid, simple and easy to perform, with high specificity, and can be used as a rapid screening indicator for new crowns;the specificity, correctness and negative predictive value of the two kits are good, and the application of the other kit for retesting when a positive result occurs can reduce the false positive rate of informing the clinic;the application and analysis of positive reports of new crown antibodies should be combined with the endemic area and clinical comprehensive judgment.

Association among resilience, post-traumatic stress disorder, and somatization in frontline healthcare workers in COVID-19: The mediating role of perceived stress

Background Frontline healthcare workers were at a high risk of infection and developing mental health problems during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is important to monitor the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and somatization among frontline healthcare workers in China. Aim This study aimed to investigate PTSD, somatization, resilience, and perceived stress among frontline healthcare workers fighting against COVID-19 and examine the mediating effects of perceived stress on resilience in both PTSD and somatization. Methods The study was conducted from December 2021 to February 2022 through an online survey of frontline healthcare workers fighting against COVID-19. The survey included questions regarding socio-demographic information, resilience (10-item Conner–Davidson Resilience Scale, CD-RISC-10), perceived stress (14-item Perceived Stress Scale, PSS), PTSD (Checklist-Civilian Version, PCL-C), and somatization (Symptom Checklist-90). The PROCESS macro for SPSS was used to examine the mediating effects of perceived stress. Results Approximately 14.9% of healthcare workers had possible PTSD (PCL-C score of ≥ 44), and 41.04% of the workers had low resilience (CD-RISC-10 score of ≤ 25.5). Approximately 54.05% of healthcare workers were symptomatic, and 14.7% had a moderate or higher degree of somatization with sleep-related problems as the most common symptom. Perceived stress was negatively correlated with resilience (r = –0.527, p < 0.001) and positively correlated with PTSD (r = 0.505, p < 0.001) and somatization (r = 0.361, p < 0.001). In addition, perceived stress mediated the relationship between resilience and PTSD [indirect b = –0.382;bootstrapped confidence interval (CI), –0.454, –0.319] and somatization (indirect effect b = –0.159;bootstrapped CI, –0.199, –0.123). Conclusion The prevalence of PTSD and somatic symptoms indicates that the mental health of frontline healthcare workers deserves more attention. Resilience is negatively associated with PTSD and somatization, and the relationship among resilience, PTSD, and somatization is mediated by perceived stress. Strategies for reducing perceived stress and increasing resilience may help to prevent and alleviate PTSD and somatization.

Exploring the Influence of Perceived Epidemic Severity and Risk on Well-Being in Nature-Based Tourism-Taking China's Post-1990 Generation as an Example

The impacts of perceived risk (PR) and perceived severity (PS) on personal well-being (WB) during the COVID-19 epidemic have often been overlooked, especially in the context of China's post-1990 generation. Therefore, this research intends to explore how members of the post-1990 generation obtain personal benefits through PR through the Attention Restoration Theory (ART). A total of 276 online questionnaires were collected by snowball sampling and analyzed in SPSS 21.0. This research found that PR, NC, and the ART are mediating variables which affect WB. The higher the PR, the more likely it is that the post-1990 generation will engage in nature tourism. These discoveries undoubtedly demonstrate a breakthrough in the theoretical gap, and provide a proposal for the sustainable development of China's tourism industry.

Risk assessment of public health emergencies concerned in the mainland of China, April 2022

Objective To assess the risk of public health emergencies, both the indigenous ones and the imported ones, which might occur in the mainland of China in April 2022. Methods An internet based expert counsel was conducted to analyze the surveillance data of public health emergencies and priority communicable diseases in China reported through different channels, and the experts in all provincial centers for disease control and prevention attended this video conference. Results It is expected that number of domestically reported public health emergency events other than COVID-19 in April would remain unchanged from March. The risk of domestic COVID-19 outbreaks caused by the indigenous transmission and the foreign importation is high, making it more difficult to prevent and control the epidemic. Local governments need to strengthen epidemic prevention and control in accordance with national requirements and hold the bottom line of no large-scale rebound of the epidemic. The number of pertussis cases will maintain rising trend due to the improvement of laboratory testing technology, the weakening of vaccine protection and the strengthening of surveillance in some districts. Conclusion Special attention should be paid to COVID-19. General attentions should be paid to pertussis.

White Blood Cell Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles: Recent Development and Medical Applications.

White blood cells (WBCs) are immune cells that play essential roles in critical diseases including cancers, infections, and inflammatory disorders. Their dynamic and diverse functions have inspired the development of WBC membrane-coated nanoparticles (denoted "WBC-NPs"), which are formed by fusing the plasma membranes of WBCs, such as macrophages, neutrophils, T cells, and natural killer cells, onto synthetic nanoparticle cores. Inheriting the entire source cell antigens, WBC-NPs act as source cell decoys and simulate their broad biointerfacing properties with intriguing therapeutic potentials. Herein, the recent development and medical applications of WBC-NPs focusing on four areas, including WBC-NPs as carriers for drug delivery, as countermeasures for biological neutralization, as nanovaccines for immune modulation, and as tools for the isolation of circulating tumor cells and fundamental research is reviewed. Overall, the recent development and studies of WBC-NPs have established the platform as versatile nanotherapeutics and tools with broad medical application potentials.

Clinical Characteristics in Patients with Redetected Positive RNA Test After Recovery from Foreign-Imported COVID-19 Cases in Xi'an, China.

Purpose: At present, it has been found that managing patients with a redetected positive RNA test after recovery from foreign-imported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in China is challenging. The purpose of the current study was to describe the clinical characteristics of these patients. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 137 COVID-19 patients who were discharged from the Xi'an Public Health Center from 28 July 2020 to 31 December 2021. We compared the clinical characteristics between positive retest patients and non-positive retest patients. Results: 137 COVID-19 patients entered our study, 27 (19.7%) cases of COVID-19 with a redetected positive RNA test by the end of the follow-up period. Fever [(n = 31 (22.6%)], cough [n = 26 (18.9%)] and sore throat [n = 20 (14.5%)] were the most common initial symptoms among the foreign-imported COVID-19 patients, and there were almost no significant differences in initial symptoms between positive retest patients and non-positive retest patients. The positive retest patients had a higher lymphocyte count (p = 0.031) and lymphocyte percentage (p = 0.007) during readmission. There were generally no significant differences in other routine blood test findings, IgG and IgM antibody responses, between positive retest patients and non-positive retest patients, or in positive retest patients over time (before, during, or after positive patient detection). After readmission, positive retest patients displayed fewer symptoms or no obvious disease progression and more sustained remission by CT imaging. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that the clinical characteristics at the time of initial diagnosis were not closely related to redetected positive RNA tests after recovery from foreign-imported COVID-19 cases. Positive retest patients had virtually no symptoms and displayed no obvious disease progression during readmission. These findings provide important information and clinical evidence for the effective management of foreign-imported COVID-19 patients during their convalescent phase.